Traditionally, language teaching has been organized around the acquisition of the four main skills of language learning: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. However, as of 2012, the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) instead emphasizes teaching centered on the different modes that language learners use to achieve certain communicative goals. These modes of communication are interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational. The modes differ based on whether it involves: (1) the active negotiation of meaning between two or more speakers (interpersonal), (2) the interpretation of a one-way (not actively negotiated) message produced by a third party (interpretive), or (3) the creation of a one-way message that is communicated to a third party (presentational). Each mode of communication requires different communication strategies on the part of the learner. An example of the interpersonal mode of communication is a face-to-face conversation between two speakers where clarifying questions can be asked; another is a text message conversation between two people. Examples of the interpretive mode of communication are a learner reading information on a website, watching a video, or listening to a song. Examples of the presentational mode of communication are: telling a story, writing a report, or giving a PowerPoint presentation. See page 7 of the 2012 ACTFL Performance Descriptors of Language Learners for more detail about modes of communication.